Global Markets and Technologies for Smart Glass — Focus on Electronics and Other Sectors

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REPORT SCOPE

The origins of smart glass can be traced back to the year 1704, when the first electrochromic material was discovered, but interest in smart glass technology only started to gain significant momentum in the early 1970s, when the number of research activities resulting in patent applications and issued patents increased rapidly. This led to the development of improved fabrication processes, advanced properties and an increased number of applications spanning many industrial sectors.

BCC published its first report on smart glass in February 2009. Since then, the market for these materials and related products has continued to expand. New technological developments and industry changes have also taken place.

The primary goal of this report is to provide new insights into current smart glass technology, as well as to outline technological trends and offer an updated market analysis for these materials.

Specifically, the major objectives of this study are:

To provide an update review of smart glasses, including a description of their types and fabrication technologies.

To highlight new technological developments in smart glass manufacturing while outlining technical issues.

To review current fields of application for smart glass and investigate emerging applications.

To estimate current global markets for smart glass based on type, application and region, with growth forecasts through 2016 for each market segment.

To identify important technology and market trends within each market segment.

To offer an updated review of current producers of smart glass.

To determine trends in U.S. patents issued during the period from 2009 to 2011.

The term smart glass refers to a group of chromogenic materials that change their light transmission properties when voltages are applied. The ability of these materials to change opacity and/or color when voltages are applied has been exploited in numerous applications, including architectural use, residential and commercial construction, interior design, museum artwork expositions, high-end appliances, advanced displays, automotive mirrors and privacy glass.

In 2008, the market for smart glass-based products was valued at more than $1 billion. After several years of healthy growth, the market for smart glass experienced a slowdown in growth as a result of the global economic downturn in 2008 and 2009. Since BCC’s last report in 2009, global economic conditions have gradually improved. In addition, smart glass fabrication technologies have continued to evolve. Several new applications have been developed, whereas others are ready to exit the development stage and enter commercialization.

The principal reason for doing this study is to present a current assessment of the smart glass industry by focusing on markets and technologies, as well as to outline future trends and key developments.

There is also a need to evaluate the current status and future trends of the smart glass industry from a global standpoint. As use of smart glass-based products expands and new fields of application emerge, information on regional production, sales and supplier types becomes more valuable. An equally important reason for undertaking this study is to provide technical insights into smart glass manufacturing by:

Providing a review of fabrication technologies.

Identifying current technical issues.

Providing an overview of the main global research and development (RD activities related to smart glass, resulting in the issuance of patents.

Illustrating the latest technological developments.

This information can assist companies in identifying opportunities for process and productivity improvements, resulting in a positive impact on future market growth.

INTENDED AUDIENCE

This study will be of primary interest to all companies that:

Manufacture, sell and distribute smart glass and smart glass-based products.

Fabricate advanced glass products.

Offer coating and lamination services for the glass industry.

Supply electrochromic materials, liquid crystals, emulsions, films and coloring chemicals.

Provide solar and heat-control devices and related instrumentation.

Offer technical and/or marketing services for architectural, residential and commercial window installation.

Provide exterior and interior design applications for the automobile industry.

This study applies to industry segments such as construction, transportation, aerospace, electronics, energy and consumer products.

The study is mainly directed toward executives, directors, operations managers, sales and marketing managers, and strategic planners working within the previously mentioned industries. Universities and research facilities may also find this study to be a good source of technical information regarding smart glass technology, materials and applications, which can be used as a baseline for new or expanded RD activities. Librarians of technical information and research centers can also use this report to provide critical data to product managers, market analysts, researchers and other professionals needing detailed and updated analysis of the smart glass industry.

This study provides an updated review of smart glass technology, including materials and fabrication processes, and identifies current and emerging applications for this technology.

BCC Research determines the current market status of smart glass, defines trends and presents growth forecasts for the next five years. The smart glass industry is also analyzed on a global basis from the standpoint of both manufacturing and consumption. In addition, technological issues, including key events and the latest process developments, are discussed.

More specifically, BCC’s market analysis is divided into eight sections.

The first section provides a historical review of smart glass technology, including an outline of recent events. The report also offers a description of current and emerging applications for smart glass.

The second section provides a technological review of smart glass types, materials and their fabrication processes. This section concludes with an analysis of the most important technological developments and improvements since 2009, including examples of significant patents recently issued or applied for.

The third section entails a global market analysis of smart glass. Global revenues (i.e. , sales data in millions of dollars are presented by product type, application and region, with actual data referring to the years 2009 and 2010, and estimates for 2011.

This section concludes with a presentation of market growth trends based on industry growth, technological trends and regional trends. Projected revenues for smart glass are reported, with forecast compound annual growth rates (CAGRs for the period 2011 through 2016.

Next, three optional sections are offered. These sections provide a more focused discussion of the smart glass market for the three main sectors in which smart glass finds application: transportation and aerospace, construction and electronics and others. In these optional sections, additional details by sector on applications, current market breakdown, industry growth and key trends and developments are provided, in addition to a market summary for the last three years and growth projections for the next five years for each application. Also included are market data by smart glass type, material and region for each sector evaluated.

In the next section, which covers global industry structure, the report offers a list of the leading manufacturers of smart glass, along with descriptions of their products. The analysis includes a description of the geographical distribution of these suppliers and an evaluation of smart glass production versus consumption, always from a geographical standpoint. Detailed company profiles of the top industry players are also provided.

The final section includes an extensive U.S. patent analysis, with a summary of patents related to smart glass materials, fabrication processes and applications issued during the period from 2009 through 2011. Patent analysis is performed by region, country, assignee, patent category, application and smart glass type.

To analyze the overall market and market segments, both primary and secondary research methodologies were used to obtain market data.

The technology section of this report is based on information derived from technical literature, related BCC reports, professional journals, the author’s field experience and online sources.

Global market analysis was performed by analyzing 65 manufacturers and developers of smart glass, accounting for at least 95% of the global market. Data were obtained from the direct contribution of primary sources, including company executives, managers, engineers and other technical personnel representing manufacturers, developers and users of smart glass; representatives of academia and trade associations; and industry market analysts.

Additional data for each company were obtained by thoroughly analyzing Security and Exchange Commission (SEC filings, Internet websites, annual reports, industry directories, industry magazines and catalogs, government sources and other public sources.

Secondary sources of information include, but are not limited to:

U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission Filings .U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.European Patent Office.Company websites.Company annual reports.Thomas Register.Moody’s Directory.S P Industry Survey.Dun and Bradstreet Business Directory.American Ceramic Society Publications. American Chemical Society Publications.Foreign Chamber of Commerce Directories.Foreign Stock Exchange Listings.

In addition to utilizing these primary and secondary sources, market growth trends and forecasts were compiled by gaining additional insights from relevant financial and market information, relevant BCC reports and the author’s own in-depth and comprehensive analysis of the collected information.

Margareth Gagliardi, BCC’s Chief Research Analyst in Advanced Materials, has more than 25 years of experience in the field of advanced materials, specializing in ceramic formulations, materials processing and new product development. She has held management positions in both manufacturing and RD within U.S. and European firms producing electronic, mechanical, chemical and structural components. She holds a B.S. in Chemical Engineering and an M.S. in Ceramic Engineering.

Ms. Gagliardi has authored numerous BCC Research studies, including the following that are related to advanced materials, thin- and thick-film technologies, and glasses:

SMC057B Global Markets, Technologies and Materials for Thin and Ultrathin Films, 2012

AVM018G Rare Earths: Worldwide Markets, Applications, Technologies, 2012

SMC037E Sputtering Targets and Sputtered Films: Technology and Markets, 2011

SMC070A Paper-Thin Displays: Technologies and Global Markets, 2011

EGY068A Supercapacitors: Technology Developments and Global Markets, 2010

AVM014D Ceramic Matrix Composites: Technologies and Global Markets, 2010

NAN043B Nanofibers: Technologies and Developing Markets, 2010

AVM069A Photocatalysts: Technologies and Global Markets, 2010

SMC061B Atomic Layer Deposition, 2010

AVM046B Thick-Film Devices, Processes and Applications, 2010

AVM018F Rare Earths: Worldwide Markets, Applications, Technologies, 2009

AVM052B Aerogels, 2009

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1

STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 1

REASONS FOR DOING THIS STUDY 2

INTENDED AUDIENCE 2

SCOPE OF REPORT 3

METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES 4

RELATED BCC RESEARCH STUDIES 5

ANALYST CREDENTIALS 6

BCC ONLINE SERVICES 7

DISCLAIMER 7

CHAPTER TWO: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 8

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 8

SUMMARY TABLE GLOBAL MARKET FOR SMART GLASS

PRODUCTS, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS 9

SUMMARY FIGURE GLOBAL MARKET FOR SMART GLASS

PRODUCTS, 2009–2016 ($ MILLIONS 10

CHAPTER THREE: OVERVIEW 11

INTRODUCTION 11

CHROMOGENIC MATERIALS 11

SMART GLASS 11

GLASS AND SMART GLASS INDUSTRY 12

FIGURE 1 THE GLASS INDUSTRY: GLOBAL MARKET SHARE BY

SEGMENT, 2011 (% 12

FIGURE 1 (CONTINUED 13

MILESTONES IN THE HISTORY OF SMART GLASS AND RECENT

EVENTS 13

TABLE 1 SMART GLASS – TECHNOLOGICAL MILESTONES 13

TABLE 1 (CONTINUED 14

FIGURE 2 SMART GLASS – WORLDWIDE PATENT APPLICATIONS

AND PATENTS ISSUED SINCE 1960 15

APPLICATIONS FOR SMART GLASS 16

CONSTRUCTION 16

TRANSPORTATION AND AEROSPACE 16

ELECTRONICS 17

CONSUMER PRODUCTS 17

OPTICS AND OTHERS 17

TABLE 2 APPLICATIONS FOR SMART GLASS, 2012 17

TABLE 2 (CONTINUED 18

CHAPTER FOUR: TECHNOLOGIES AND MATERIALS FOR SMART

GLASS 19

INTRODUCTION 19

SMART GLASS TYPES, MATERIALS AND FABRICATION

PROCESSES 19

TABLE 3 TRADITIONAL SMART GLASS TECHNOLOGIES 19

ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES 19

Electrochromic Film 20

Inorganic Electrochromic Materials 20

Organic Electrochromic Materials 21

Electrolyte 22

Counter-Electrodes 23

Deposition Techniques 23

Features of Electrochromic Devices 23

REFLECTIVE HYDRIDES DEVICES 24

LIQUID-CRYSTAL DEVICES 24

Polymer Dispersed Liquid-Crystal Devices 25

Encapsulation 25

Phase Separation 25

Holography 26

Prefabricated Templates 26

SUSPENDED-PARTICLE DEVICES 27

LATEST TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS FROM 2009 TO

PRESENT 27

MATERIALS 27

Green Electrochromic Materials 27

Complete Color Palette with Conjugated Polymers 28

Achromatic Reflective Hydride Devices 29

Electrochromic Films Based on Nanoparticles 29

Thermoplastic Electrochromic Materials 30

Electrochromic Carbon Nanotubes 31

Red Electrochromic Material 31

Red Electrochromic … (Continued 32

FABRICATION METHODS 33

Micro-Blinds for Smart Glass 33

Electrochromic Devices Manufactured Using Layer-by-

Layer Assembly 33

Fast-Switching Solid-State Electrochromic Device by Sol-

Gel Deposition 34

Wireless-Powered Electrochromic Windows 35

Electrochromic Fibers for Flexible Devices 35

Electrochromic … (Continued 36

Electrochromic … (Continued 37

CHAPTER FIVE: GLOBAL MARKETS 38

ANALYSIS OUTLINE 38

GLOBAL MARKET SUMMARY 38

GLOBAL MARKET SUMMARY (CONTINUED 39

TABLE 4 GLOBAL MARKET FOR SMART GLASS PRODUCTS,

THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS 40

FIGURE 3 GLOBAL MARKET FOR SMART GLASS PRODUCTS, 2009–

2016 ($ MILLIONS 40

CURRENT MARKET STATUS 40

CURRENT MARKET SUMMARY 41

TABLE 5 GLOBAL MARKET FOR SMART GLASS PRODUCTS,

THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLIONS 41

FIGURE 4 GLOBAL MARKET FOR SMART GLASS PRODUCTS, 2009–

2011 ($ MILLIONS 41

Revenues by Smart Glass Type 42

TABLE 6 SMART GLASS PRODUCTS: GLOBAL REVENUES BY TYPE,

THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLIONS 43

FIGURE 5 SMART GLASS PRODUCTS: MARKET SHARE BY TYPE,

2011 (% 43

TABLE 7 PRODUCTS BASED ON ELECTROCHROMIC

TECHNOLOGY: GLOBAL REVENUES BY MATERIAL, THROUGH

2011 ($ MILLIONS 44

Revenues by Application 44

TABLE 8 SMART GLASS PRODUCTS: GLOBAL REVENUES BY

APPLICATION, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLIONS 45

FIGURE 6 SMART GLASS PRODUCTS: MARKET SHARE BY

APPLICATION, 2011 (% 45

Revenues by Region 46

TABLE 9 SMART GLASS PRODUCTS: REVENUES BY REGION,

THROUGH 2011 ($MILLIONS 46

FIGURE 7 SMART GLASS PRODUCTS: MARKET SHARE BY REGION,

2011 (% 47

MARKET GROWTH TRENDS 47

FLAT GLASS INDUSTRY 47

Flat Glass Revenues by Sector 48

TABLE 10 FORECAST – FLAT GLASS: GLOBAL REVENUES BY

SECTOR, THROUGH 2016 ($ BILLIONS 48

FIGURE 8 FORECAST – FLAT GLASS: MARKET SHARE BY SECTOR,

2011 AND 2016 (% 49

Flat Glass Revenues by Region 50

TABLE 11 FORECAST – FLAT GLASS: GLOBAL REVENUES BY

REGION, THROUGH 2016 ($ BILLIONS 50

FIGURE 9 FORECAST – FLAT GLASS: MARKET SHARE BY REGION,

2011 AND 2016 (% 51

TECHNOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL TRENDS IN

THE CONSTRUCTION SECTOR 52

TABLE 12 TECHNOLOGICAL TRENDS AND DRIVING FORCES FOR

SMART GLASS GROWTH WITHIN THE CONSTRUCTION SECTOR,

2011–2016 52

TECHNOLOGICAL TRENDS IN THE TRANSPORTATION

INDUSTRY 52

TABLE 13 TECHNOLOGICAL TRENDS AND DRIVING FORCES FOR

SMART GLASS GROWTH WITHIN THE TRANSPORTATION

SECTOR, 2011–2016 53

ELECTRONICS 53

TABLE 14 FORECAST – ADVANCED DISPLAYS: GLOBAL REVENUES

BY TYPE, THROUGH 2016 ($ BILLIONS 54

OTHER INDUSTRY SECTORS 54

OTHER TECHNOLOGICAL TRENDS 54

REGIONAL TRENDS 55

MARKET FORECAST 56

REVENUES BY APPLICATION 56

TABLE 15 FORECAST – SMART GLASS PRODUCTS: GLOBAL

REVENUES BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS 57

FIGURE 10 FORECAST – SMART GLASS PRODUCTS: MARKET

SHARE BY APPLICATION, 2016 (% 57

FIGURE 10 (CONTINUED 58

Revenues by Smart Glass Type 58

TABLE 16 FORECAST – SMARTGLASS PRODUCTS: GLOBAL

REVENUES BY TYPE, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS 59

FIGURE 11 FORECAST – SMART GLASS PRODUCTS: GLOBAL

MARKET BY TYPE, 2016 (% 59

TABLE 17 FORECAST – PRODUCTS BASED ON ELECTROCHROMIC

TECHNOLOGY: GLOBAL REVENUES BY MATERIAL, THROUGH

2016 ($ MILLIONS 60

Revenues by Region 60

TABLE 18 FORECAST – SMART GLASS PRODUCTS: REVENUES BY

REGION, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS 61

FIGURE 12 FORECAST – SMART GLASS PRODUCTS: MARKET

SHARE BY REGION, 2016 (% 61

CHAPTER SIX: ELECTRONICS AND OTHER SECTORS 62

OBJECTIVE 62

SMART GLASS FOR ELECTRONICS AND OTHER SECTORS 62

TABLE 19 SMART GLASS APPLICATIONS IN ELECTRONICS AND

OTHER SECTORS, 2012 62

TABLE 19 (CONTINUED 63

CURRENT MARKET BY APPLICATION 63

TABLE 20 SMART GLASS FOR ELECTRONICS AND OTHER

SECTORS: GLOBAL REVENUES BY APPLICATION, 2011 ($

MILLIONS/% 63

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON INDUSTRY GROWTH 64

PAPER-THIN AND FLEXIBLE DISPLAYS 64

E-BOOK READERS 64

COLOR E-BOOK READERS 64

FLEXIBLE E-READERS 65

OTHER TABLET DEVICES 65

PRICE TAGS AND SMART LABELS 66

SIGNS AND DISPLAYS FOR ADVERTISING 66

SAFETY AND SECURITY DEVICES 66

RECENT INDUSTRY EVENTS AND DEVELOPMENTS 67

ELECTRONICS 67

Roll-to-Roll Manufacturing of Electrochromic Devices 67

E-Paper Displays Based on Electrochromism 67

E-Paper Displays Based on PDLC Technology 68

Waveguide Displays Based on Polymer Dispersed Liquid

Crystals 68

Electrochromic Displays for Point-of-Sale Advertising 69

Display for Radio Field Intensity Measurement Device 70

OTHER SECTORS 71

Merchandising Unit with Switchable Glass Panel 71

Color-Changing Electrochromic Lenses 71

Eyewear Based on H-PDLC Technology 72

Other Devices of Recent Development 72

MARKET SUMMARY AND FORECAST 73

REVENUES BY APPLICATION 73

TABLE 21 FORECAST – SMART GLASS FOR ELECTRONICS AND

OTHER SECTORS: GLOBAL REVENUES BY APPLICATION,

THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS 74

REVENUES BY SMART GLASS TYPE 74

TABLE 22 FORECAST – SMART GLASS PRODUCTS FOR

ELECTRONICS AND OTHER SECTORS: GLOBAL REVENUES BY

TYPE, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS 75

REVENUES BY MATERIAL TYPE 75

TABLE 23 FORECAST – SMART GLASS PRODUCTS FOR

ELECTRONICS AND OTHER SECTORS: GLOBAL REVENUES BY

MATERIAL, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS 76

REVENUES BY REGION 76

TABLE 24 FORECAST – SMART GLASS PRODUCTS FOR

ELECTRONICS AND OTHER SECTORS: REVENUES BY REGION,

THROUGH 2016 ($MILLIONS 77

CHAPTER SEVEN: GLOBAL INDUSTRY STRUCTURE 78

GLOBAL INDUSTRY STRUCTURE 78

MANUFACTURERS OF SMART GLASS PRODUCTS 79

TABLE 25 MANUFACTURERS OF SMART GLASS PRODUCTS, 2012 79

TABLE 25 (CONTINUED 80

TABLE 25 (CONTINUED 81

TABLE 26 MANUFACTURERS OF SMART GLASS PRODUCTS BY

TYPE, 2012 82

TABLE 26 (CONTINUED 83

TABLE 27 SUPPLIERS OF SMART GLASS PRODUCTS BY TYPE AND

REGION, 2012 84

FIGURE 13 MANUFACTURERS OF SMART GLASS PRODUCTS:

DISTRIBUTION BY SIZE, 2012 85

FIGURE 14 HISTORICAL GROWTH OF MANUFACTURERS OF

SMART GLASS PRODUCTS, 1995–2012 86

NOTABLE RECENT INDUSTRY CHANGES 87

TABLE 28 NOTABLE RECENT INDUSTRY CHANGES 87

OTHER PLAYERS IN THE SMART GLASS INDUSTRY 88

TABLE 29 OTHER RELEVANT PLAYERS IN THE SMART GLASS

INDUSTRY, 2012 88

TABLE 29 (CONTINUED 89

SMART GLASS PRODUCTION BY REGION 89

TABLE 30 SMART GLASS PRODUCTS: MANUFACTURING BY

REGION, 2009–2016 (PERCENT OF SALES 90

SMART GLASS CONSUMPTION BY REGION 90

TABLE 31 SMART GLASS PRODUCTS: CONSUMPTION BY REGION,

2009–2016 (PERCENT OF SALES 91

COMPANY PROFILES 91

ACREO/PAPERDISPLAY 91

ARMOR USA 92

CITALA 93

DMDISPLAY 94

DREAM GLASS GROUP 95

E-CONTROL GLAS 95

FICOSA INTERNATIONAL 96

GEMALTO/AVESO DISPLAYS 97

GENTEX 98

Gentex (Continued 99

IGLASS PROJECTS 100

KENT DISPLAYS 101

Kent Displays (Continued 102

LICON TECHNOLOGIES 103

MAGNA INTERNATIONAL 103

Magna International (Continued 104

MURAKAMI 105

NIPPON SHEET GLASS 106

Nippon Sheet Glass (Continued 107

NTERA 108

POLYTRONIX 109

Polytronix (Continued 110

PRO DISPLAY 111

PULP STUDIO 112

RESEARCH FRONTIERS 113

SAGE ELECTROCHROMICS 114

Sage Electrochromics (Continued 115

SAINT-GOBAIN 116

Saint-Gobain (Continued 117

SCIENSTRY 118

SMART GLASS INTERNATIONAL 119

TOKAI RIKA 119

Tokai Rika (Continued 120

CHAPTER EIGHT: U S PATENT ANALYSIS 121

INTRODUCTION 121

SUMMARY OF PATENTS AWARDED, 2009–2011 121

TABLE 32 SMART GLASS – U S PATENTS, 2011 122

TABLE 32 (CONTINUED 123

TABLE 32 (CONTINUED 124

TABLE 32 (CONTINUED 125

TABLE 32 (CONTINUED 126

TABLE 33 SMART GLASS – U S PATENTS, 2010 126

TABLE 33 (CONTINUED 127

TABLE 33 (CONTINUED 128

TABLE 33 (CONTINUED 129

TABLE 33 (CONTINUED 130

TABLE 34 SMART GLASS – U S PATENTS, 2009 130

TABLE 34 (CONTINUED 131

TABLE 34 (CONTINUED 132

TABLE 34 (CONTINUED 133

GENERAL TRENDS 134

TABLE 35 SMART GLASS: U S PATENT TRENDS, 2006–2011 134

FIGURE 15 SMART GLASS: U S PATENT TRENDS, 2006-2011

(NUMBER OF PATENTS 135

TRENDS BY COUNTRY AND REGION 135

FIGURE 16 U S PATENTS RELATED TO SMART GLASS BY REGION,

2009–2011 (% 136

FIGURE 17 SMART GLASS: PATENTS BY COUNTRY, 2009–2011 (% 137

TRENDS BY ASSIGNEE 138

TABLE 36 ASSIGNEES OF U S PATENTS RELATED TO SMART

GLASS, 2009–2011 139

TABLE 36 (CONTINUED 140

FIGURE 18 SMART GLASS: SHARES OF U S PATENTS BY

ORGANIZATION TYPE, 2009–2011 (% 141

FIGURE 18 (CONTINUED 142

TRENDS BY PATENT CATEGORY 142

FIGURE 19 SMART GLASS: SHARES OF U S PATENTS BY

CATEGORY, 2009–2011 (% 143

TRENDS BY APPLICATION 143

FIGURE 20 SMART GLASS: SHARES OF U S PATENTS BY

APPLICATION, 2009–2011 (% 144

FIGURE 20 (CONTINUED 145

TRENDS BY SMART GLASS TYPE 145

FIGURE 21 SMART GLASS: SHARES OF U S PATENTS BY

MATERIAL TYPE, 2009–2011 (% 146

Global Markets and Technologies for Smart Glass — Focus on Electronics and Other SectorsMore  Market Research ReportCheck our  Industry Analysis and Insights

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